JUDICIAL COMPETENCE AND ETHICS IN THE CYBERAGE (COPYRIGHT BY DR. ATTY. NOEL G. RAMISCAL)

Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal has been desiring to lecture on what it takes to be a competent and ethical judge in the cyber world, ever since the Philippine Cybercrime Prevention Act was passed in 2012. That law decreed the creation of cybercrime courts that are mandated to hear the offenses covered by the law. It was not clear if members of judiciary were consulted about this, or even if the legislators actually did research on the training and capacity of Philippine judges to handle cybercrime cases. What is clear is that as of August 25, 2016 [as confirmed by Dr. Ramiscal with the University of the Philippines Office of the National Administrative Register (UP ONAR)], this law is not yet effective because its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) had not yet been promulgated by the Department of Justice, the Department of Interior and Local Government and the Office of Information Communications and Technology in the Department of Science and Technology, and no certified copies of such IRR had been filed with the UP ONAR.

So when the UP Institute of Administration of Justice (IAJ) invited Dr. Ramiscal to debut his lecture on “Judicial Competence and Ethics in the Cyberage”, for its Mandatory Continuing Legal Education (MCLE) seminar on August 25, 2015, he eagerly accepted. This was the first MCLE lecture given under the auspices of the UP IAJ that focused solely on the use of technology by judges in their professional and personal lives and the legal implications of such usage.

Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal at UP J. Bocobo Hall for his UP IAJ MCLE Lecture, Aug. 25, 2015

It is incontrovertible that the courts, including the Philippine Supreme Court, have increasingly utilized internet resources in their decisions and dispositions of the cases before them. Dr. Ramiscal discussed the perils of internet extrajudicial researches made by judges and law clerks as to how they can impact the due process rights of parties who were not allowed to present, examine, or contest online data that the judges or their clerks have already seen. This type of research should be properly regulated by the Philippine Supreme Court because even if these internet resources were not made part nor acknowledged in the decision itself, they may have already influenced or predisposed the judge to rule on the case in a certain way. Guidelines should also be formulated by the Supreme Court and the PHILJA as to the proper indicia of authenticity and reliability of internet resources and as to the proper handling of “link rot” of internet resources.

Some lawyers who attended Dr. Ramiscal’s Aug. 25, 2015 UP IAJ MCLE lecture

The ideation of a judge as being competent, credible, independent and with moral integrity can best be seen on the decisions that they produce. On this score, Dr. Ramiscal apprised the audience of eighty lawyers the issues at stake in online judicial plagiarism, taking as his framework the Philippine case against Supreme Court Associate Justice Mariano C. Del Castillo and his unnamed court researcher [A.M. No. 10-7-17-SC, October 15, 2010, IN THE MATTER OF THE CHARGES OF PLAGIARISM, ETC., AGAINST ASSOCIATE JUSTICE MARIANO C. DEL CASTILLO], who were accused of plagiarizing three articles found in an online legal repository (Westlaw) that the Supreme Court subscribes to. He will write at length about this in another issue. Judges must, in dealing with cyberlaw issues, also be responsible and taken to task for their erroneous decisions because these can deleteriously affect the lives and liberties, not only of the parties involved, but future stakeholders dealing with the same issues. Major areas for improvement in the Philippines would be the correct understanding of handling electronic evidence and discovery issues of e-data. The Philippine Rules of Electronic Evidence has not been amended since 2002 and some of its provisions are just plain wrong from a technological and legal standpoint.

Other lawyers who attended Dr. Ramiscal’s Aug. 25, 2015 UP IAJ MCLE lecture

In this lecture, Dr. Ramiscal tackled some of the most important issues concerning the use of technology by the courts, in particular, service of legal process via social media and the e-filing system in the Supreme Court which he opined lacked a secure technological foundation. He then examined some of the crucial concerns relative to the use of technology and social media by judges, not only in the court, but also in their personal lives (e.g. Facebook friendships, Facebook likes, LinkedIn connections) that may seriously affect or even eclipse their professional standing and credibility. In his “Roll of Judicial Dishonor” Dr. Ramiscal showed examples of judges from the U.S.A., Canada and the Philippines who have sullied the image and ideations of judges as persons of high moral and intellectual integrity with their actions that ranged from inappropriate posting of their personal images (one of whom had nude pictures that can be accessed in the public online domain), to unbecoming sexting, to outrageous, sexist, racist emails and online remarks, and violent displays of their temper caught on social media.

To conclude his lecture, Dr. Ramiscal discussed some of the developments in other jurisdictions that are intended to help judges deal with cyberlaw issues, as well as their utilization of social media. Unfortunately, there appears to be no parallel moves to enlighten and empower Philippine judges, particularly those who will preside in future cybercrime courts, to be competent and ethical administrators of Justice in the cyberage.

Dr. Ramiscal would like to thank the UP IAJ, Atty. Armand Arevalo, Ms. Evelyn Cuasto, Raffy and Ariel, and to all the splendid lawyers who were genuinely interested in this lecture that Dr. Ramiscal debuted for UP IAJ. It was also truly a great pleasure to see Atty. Dulce Punzalan (Dr. Ramiscal’s classmate in UP Law) as well as meet new friends (Atty. Manalastas and Atty. Javier) in this event!

ON SOCIAL MEDIA E-DATA TRENDS AND THE FACEBOOK EVIDENCE OF THE ALLEGED MILITARY ABDUCTORS OF JONAS JOSEPH BURGOS (COPYRIGHT BY DR. ATTY. NOEL G. RAMISCAL)

Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal was thrilled to get an invitation to do two lectures for the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) Chapter in Bulacan, for the Mandatory Continuing Legal Education (MCLE) seminars organized by the IBP National. In the morning (3 a.m.) of August 8, 2015, he set on the road from Calamba, Laguna to go to Malolos, Bulacan, to stave off the onslaught of any rain storm and traffic that might impede his reaching the Hiyas ng Bulacan Convention Center, Balagtas Hall, on time. As it turned out, he was early and was able to catch the informative lectures of Atty. Ted Villanueva.

Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal IBP Bulacan MCLE Lecture August 8, 2015 on Social Media

For his first lecture, Dr. Ramiscal apprised the attendees of several trends in the usage of social media in the legal arena. IT savvy lawyers from both sides of the fence can utilize social media evidence to devastating effect. Social media data is utilized now to identify witnesses, as smoking guns in criminal cases, to establish motive, opportunity, and state of mind of an accused, to determine the proper sentence of a convicted felon and to monitor for parole or probation violations. Defense counsel can use evidence from Facebook to find exculpatory evidence or material to impeach a witness.

Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal emohasizing a point in his August 8, 2015, IBP Bulacan, MCLE Lecture on Social Media

Social media is becoming quite valuable in family law, particularly custody proceedings where the fitness of the parents is the most crucial issue. For example in one case, a mother admitted in her MySpace entries that she engages in sado-masochism and uses drugs and will use drugs when her daughter would be asleep. In several cases, some parents have maintained several social media accounts with conflicting views about their parental responsibilities. One mother had a MySpace account which claimed she is a fulfilled wife and mother of beautiful children, and another MySpace account wherein she held herself as single and not desiring children. One father’s parental rights were terminated by the court where social media evidence was presented evidencing his infidelity and not wanting to have any children.

Social media data is also mined in labor cases, particularly in unlawful terminations and discriminations brought against employers by their employees. In one case brought against the famous coffee chain Starbucks, the illegal dismissal and sexual, racial and religious discrimination charges brought about by a female employee was dismissed due to the postings of the employee in her MySpace accounts like this one: “Starbucks is in deep sh[#]t with GOD!!! … I thank GOD 4 pot 2 calm down my frustrations and worries or else I will go beserk [sic] and shoot everyone ….”

In the Philippine context, Dr. Ramiscal brought to the attention of the lawyers the human rights case brought against the former Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, and certain government officials concerning the alleged abduction and disappearance of Jonas Joseph T. Burgos. The Supreme Court tasked the Commission on Human Rights to report anew its factual findings and recommendations to the Supreme Court on this case because the Supreme Court found the previous investigation by the PNP-CIDG, by the AFP Provost Marshal, and even by the CHR had been less than complete. This time around, evidence from Facebook surfaced in connection with the identification of some of the alleged military abductors of Burgos. The PMA BATCH SANGHAYA 2000 had a Facebook account that is open to the public which contained 244 PICTURES. This Facebook account was unearthed as a Google search was conducted on the alleged identified abductors, and the name of one of them. A witness was shown the photos in the Facebook account and he identified two of the persons there as the alleged abductors of Mr. Burgos.

These and other developments in social media discovery were tackled by Dr. Ramiscal before a lively and supportive audience that included Attys. Tricia Santos and Fame Cruz (who scored the winning word “portmanteau”!).

Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal receiving the Certificate of Appreciation from the IBP Bulacan Pres. (Atty. Artico) and officers, August 8, 2015

Dr. Ramiscal was elated to find out that some of his schoolmates in the University of the Philippines Law School are doing prosperously well in Bulacan, including Atty. Pinky Bartolome, a bona fide thespian and the past president of the IBP Bulacan Chapter, and Atty. Francine Longid, another “artista” in the UP bunch. He was quite pleased to meet and chat with the current IBP Bulacan Chapter President, Atty. Arni Topico, and some of the officers and members, including Attys. Bobby Cruz and Samonte (who graciously lent his car and chauffeur to drive Dr. Ramiscal and his mother to the bus depot). One thing he learned about the Bulacan lawyers is their Passion for Service and Justice. Many of them (including Attys. Bartolome, Longid and Topico) are involved in international pro bono advocacies.

Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal raising the Cup of Excellence for the IBP Bulacan Lawyers August 8, 2015

Dr. Ramiscal is quite grateful to all the IBP Bulacan officers and members for their generousity and the wonderful “pasalubongs” like the sumptuous Rosalie’s pinipig suman, Minasa, guyabano drink, and certainly one of the best tasting beefsteaks that Dr. Ramiscal tasted, from the Hapag restaurant [VEECS Catering Service], and the unparalleled “asikaso” of the IBP National staff including Ms. Arguson and Ms. Aida.

This was truly a wondrous and amazing point in the cyberlaw advocacies of Dr. Ramiscal.

To the over 1,000 strong members, a Grand Salute to the “Bulacan Lawyers(’) Unlimited Excellence”!

ON PREDICTIVE CODING AND LEGAL ANALYTICS AS DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES TO LEGAL MANUAL REVIEWS OF HUMAN LAWYERS, LAW FIRMS AND LEGAL PROCESS OUTSOURCERS (COPYRIGHT BY DR. ATTY. NOEL G. RAMISCAL)

For his other lecture on handling electronic data for the IBP Bulacan lawyers last August 8, 2015, Dr. Ramiscal introduced several concepts of e-data, and how some of the types of these e-data were erroneously classified under the Philippine Rules of Electronic Evidence which has not been amended since 2002. He apprised the audience of international developments concerning the discovery of electronically stored information (ESI), and the fact that the Philippines has not participated in the relevant events. He also discussed several types of ESI and how their discovery, preservation and spoliation can have tremendous impact on the outcome of cases that are driven by, or reliant on electronic evidence.

Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal MCLE Lecture IBP Bulacan August 8, 2015 Handling EData

One major matter that he emphasized is the tremendous costs of discovery of electronic data. Dr. Ramiscal was probably the first Philippine lawyer that discussed the vast commercial and legal ramifications of e-discovery way back in 2007 for the Financial Executives Institute of the Philippines, when “e-discovery” was not even a “buzz phrase” in the Philippine legal milieu.

Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal with some of the FINEX officers, March 2007

Then, as now, no adequate mechanism is provided in any of the Philippine laws, rules and jurisprudence concerning the handling of costs associated with the discovery and preservation of e-data in its myriad forms, which could include back-up tapes, audio and video data, metadata, and e-data in legacy technologies.

Dr. Ramiscal talked about several pilot court initiatives in the U.S.A. concerning the reduction of the types of e-data that could be the subject of e-discovery. But Dr. Ramiscal stated that the game changers in this instance would be the predictive coding and legal analytics technologies that are now being harnessed by technologically progressive law firms and law project initiatives. The most prevalent form of e-data that lawyers are familiar with would be Word documents and emails. A gigabyte can contain over 64,000 pages of Microsoft Word Files. Employees send and receive about 50 e-mail messages per day, and that could exceed 1,500,000 messages a year for an organization of over 100 employees.

IBP Bulacan Lawyers who attended Dr. Ramiscal’s MCLE Lecture, August 8, 2015

Other IBP Bulacan lawyers who attended Dr. Ramiscal’s August 8, 2015 MCLE lecture

Looking for the relevant e-data in a suit involving, for example, the intellectual property of a company from these troves of e-data that could go back five to ten years is a financial and logistical nightmare. If done by traditional law firms and legal process outsourcers, using human lawyers/reviewers, this would take months and even years and millions and millions of (U.S.) dollars in legal fees. In just one law firm in the U.S. for example, the junior associate was paid $35 per hour in reviewing documents for e-discovery, while the law firm billed the client $250 per hour for the associate’s work. This is a cash cow for these firms. Replacing junior associates and paralegals with computer assisted reviews utilizing predictive coding software and a few senior lawyers that can “train” the computers, with a sample or “seed set” of documents, to search for relevance and screen for privilege had already been proven to save clients tremendous legal costs. And this is precisely the reason why these technologies are disruptive because they pose a real threat to the livelihoods of law firms and legal process outsourcers (LPOs) that depend on manual reviews of lawyers for their financial existence. Once computer assisted reviews become the norm, the law firms’ and LPOs’ current business models that rely on manual reviews by humans will be obsolete.

Computer research tools have certainly come a long way. Dr. Ramiscal reminisced about the time he served as an Executive Assistant in the Court of Appeals in the 1990s and as such was required to attend the “Philippine Jurisprudence Development Program” which was all about searching for pertinent cases using Boolean operators on a court database. Not much has changed in the legal research processes in the Philippines. But in other jurisdictions like Brazil, Australia and the U.S.A., the predictive computational power of computers are utilized as guides in making judicial and administrative decisions. It is therefore high time, that Philippine lawyers should start re-tooling their legal skills to include technical skills that would be relevant in the changing and global legal landscape.

ON SOCIAL MEDIA’S PERILS TO PRIVACY, ITS TWO TYPES OF DISCOVERY, THE INTERNATIONAL BAR ASSOCIATION’S PRONOUNCEMENTS AND OTHER MATTERS: DR. RAMISCAL’S MCLE LECTURE FOR THE PHILIPPINE HEALTH INSURANCE CORPORATION’S LAWYERS

One of the biggest government owned and/or controlled corporation is the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth), which has been at the forefront of several current news concerning alleged fraudulent practices perpetrated against it by health providers and medical practitioners.

When the University of the Philippines’ Institute of Administration of Justice (UP IAJ) invited Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal to be one of the lecturers for its Mandatory Continuing Legal Education (MCLE) seminars for PhilHealth’s 50 strong legal team (comprising of 35 lawyers and 15 legal researchers) with the topic on social media, he immediately accepted. The venue was the posh Widus Hotel and Casino at the Clark Freeport Zone, Pampanga.

Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal at WIDUS Hotel, PhilHealth MCLE lecture August 6, 2015

Dr. Ramiscal’s lecture focused on the hazards of social media postings for the poster/user and on the other side, the windfall effects these postings have on their adversary. He discussed the privacy implications of the Philippine Supreme ruling on the case of Vivares et al vs. St. Theresa’s College, promulgated last September 29, 2014, which involved the Facebook posting of pictures of high school girls in their bathing suits, and other pictures of some of the same girls smoking and drinking liquor at a bar in Cebu, which were made available for public viewing. The girls were subjected to disciplinary proceedings and were not allowed to join the graduation exercises, to which their parents objected via court action. The Supreme Court made it very clear that no reasonable expectation of privacy could exist on Facebook postings unless the user intentionally and actually used the privacy settings in Facebook. Even then, the court noted that private postings can be shared or made available for the viewing of others, through the “friends” of the user without the user’s permission, thus destroying whatever expectation of privacy the user may have had in the first place.

Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal at WIDUS Hotel Macau Conference Rm, for his PhilHealth MCLE Lecture, August 6, 2015

It was in this lecture that Dr. Ramiscal discussed two different forms of discovery of social media evidence that the Philippine courts, and specially, the Supreme Court, have yet to officially recognize and promulgate rules on. One is informal discovery, which is done through the usual searches on search engines and websites by any party against an adversary for digital dirt. The other type is “formal discovery” which one party does through the court making use of the court’s power to compel the other party to produce social media evidence that are in the party’s private profile or space, or secluded from the view of the general public. Dr. Ramiscal apprised the audience of what they need to establish as the “predicate” for their production request and the bounds of legal propriety for the requests. He gave examples of acceptable requests and how courts in the U.S.A. have dealt with production requests of social media data in various ways.

Another essential area that Dr. Ramiscal discussed was the authentication of social media and how to counter hearsay arguments and arguments based on hacking/cracking attacks and fraudulent postings. One trend in this regard pertains to the “individualized information” that social media e-data contains which could be used to incriminate the user.

PhilHealth lawyers at Dr. Ramiscal’s MCLE Lecture WIDUS Hotel, August 6, 2015

Some of the PhilHealth lawyers at Dr. Ramiscal’s MCLE Lecture WIDUS Hotel, August 6, 2015

Dr. Ramiscal also discussed the 2012 survey of the International Bar Association of over sixty jurisdictions concerning the use of social media by lawyers, judges and even law students, and how such usage could legally and ethically impact on the professional dealings of lawyers who are online “friends” with judges in whose courts they appear, and even the investigations of law students’ questionable social media postings in cases where they are applying to take the bar exams.

In the case of PhilHealth, Dr. Ramiscal suggested that its legal team can investigate the social media accounts of medical practitioners and their patients in cases of suspicions of fraud. With the penchant of social media users to record all the goings on in their lives, down to the sometimes irrelevant and ridiculous details, the team can mine the social media data they can find to protect the interests of all PhilHealth members who are certainly harmed by the fraudulent monetary machinations of nefarious entities.

In closing, Dr. Ramiscal would like to thank all the wonderful PhilHealth legal team members who fully, truly and warmly appreciated his lecture (who gave positive written feedbacks), and the excellence of the PhilHealth driver (Mr. Jess Lopez) assigned to chauffeur him from Metro Manila to Pampanga and back.

ON THE OVERSIGHT IN THE APPLICATION OF THE PHILIPPINE RULES OF ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL CASES BY THE PHILIPPINE SUPREME COURT (COPYRIGHT BY DR. ATTY. NOEL G. RAMISCAL)

Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal was fortunate enough to be invited to give two Mandatory Continuing Legal Education (MCLE) lectures for the Integrated Bar of the Philippine (IBP) Cavite Chapter, organized by the IBP National Office last July 31, 2015. As was his practice, he travelled from the province of Laguna to the conference site quite early to avoid being late, but the conditions are quite unpredictable and there was a road incident that caused a lot of bottleneck. Fortunately, the driver of the van that ferried Dr. Ramiscal was knowledgeable of all the side streets and interconnecting pathways of the variegated terrain of this prosperous province.

The IBP Cavite Chapter owned its building which was located in the Cavite Civic Center Compound that also houses some of the courts and a penitentiary.

Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal at IBP Cavite Center Bldg, July 31 2015

It was a quaint building overflowing with lawyers. The members in this chapter exceed 1,000 and they were expecting about 39 new lawyers to join. On the day slated for the lectures an electrical wire exploded taking down the airconditioning system.

Some of the IBP Cavite lawyers who attended Dr. Ramiscal’s lecture last July 31, 2015

It was fixed for a while and then it broke down again. It is a testament to the commitment of the lawyers to their professional development that they stayed on for the entire day up to the early hours of the evening enduring the hot and humid conditions inside and outside the building.

In his lecture on handling e-data,

Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal during his MCLE lectures for IBP Cavite July 31 2015

Dr. Ramiscal canvassed and discussed the relevant Philippine laws, rules, and jurisprudence on the discovery of e-data, and concluded that there is no current legal or formal mechanism for the formal discovery of e-data in the Philippines, that could be followed in Philippine courts. He gave the audience a brief outline of the discovery processes and the legal issues connected with the discovery of e-data in the U.S.A. He also acquainted the audience of the possible penalties that may arise for any producing party of e-data that failed to put a “litigation hold” or completely observed a “preservation order” of e-data and their repositories. In his lecture on social media e-discovery, Dr. Ramiscal tackled among other things, the nature of social media data, and the fact that privacy concerns should not be mistaken, or be made an excuse for the exclusion of “private” social media data from discovery.

One significant matter Dr. Ramiscal brought to the attention of the attendees was the application of the Philippine Supreme Court of the Rules on Electronic Evidence to criminal cases.

The Rules which the Supreme Court promulgated in 2001 did not cover criminal cases. To correct this oversight, the Supreme Court issued Administrative Matter No. 01-7-01-SC, Re: Expansion of the Coverage of the Rules on Electronic Evidence, last September 24, 2002.

In the April 10, 2010 case of Rustan Ang y Pascua v. the Court of Appeals, the accused claimed that the damning electronic picture which was attributed to him should have been authenticated via the means of e-signature under the expanded coverage of the aforementioned rules. Unfortunately, and inexplicably, the Second Division of the Supreme Court held that “the rules he cites do not apply to the present criminal action. The Rules on Electronic Evidence applies only to civil actions, quasi-judicial proceedings, and administrative proceedings”.
Then in March 10, 2014, the Third Division of the Supreme Court, ruled in People of the Philippines v. Enojas y Hingpit et al, that the Rules of Electronic Evidence do apply to criminal cases as a result of the 2002 Supreme Court issuance of the amendment.

It is curious to note that the “ponente” or the one who wrote the decisions in the 2010 Rustan Ang case and the 2014 Enojas case was the same Associate Justice.

During the time the erroneous Rustan Ang case served as the authority on the non-applicability of the rules to criminal cases, it caused a great ripple concerning the substantial limitations to evidentiary rights and objections the accused can raise in criminal cases involving electronic data.

The Philippine Civil Code provided that the decisions of the Supreme Court form part of the law of the land. So it would appear that the Rustan Ang decision would trump a mere 2002 administrative amendment done by the Supreme Court which this decision did not recognize.

Prior to the 2014 Enojas case, everytime Dr. Ramiscal would discuss the Rustan Ang case and its implications in MCLE lectures, he would answer lawyers who asked him if they can still use the rules of electronic evidence in criminal cases, in the affirmative. He had stated that they can do this in two ways. One, they can argue that said rules can provide some guidelines. Or second, they can place it as an issue in the criminal case itself, because there was no en banc decision, and no rule revoking the 2002 amendment. But the situation for criminal defense lawyers and their clients during this time due to the Rustan Ang case was far from ideal.

Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal with two IBP Cavite lawyers and officers, July 31 2015

At the end, Dr. Ramiscal expressed his heartfelt appreciation for the IBP Cavite lawyers who stayed for the duration of his lectures, despite the humidity challenge, and for their sincere generosity and hospitality [Attys. Luna, Espiritu, Clorina, Yu and Anarna], and in particular to Atty. Lara (the tahong chips are superb!) and her assistant, Hazel. Kudos to the officers and members of this Chapter!

IN SUPPORT OF PRIVATE LAWYERS WHO WERE PREJUDICED BY THE RULE OF PRIOR ACQUIESCENCE OF THE OFFICE OF THE SOLICITOR GENERAL TO THEIR CONSULTANCIES IN GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

In the span of almost a year that Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal has published his article entitled “Legal Ethics: Questioning and Re-examining the Legal Efficacy of the Rule on Securing Prior OSG Acquiescence in Hiring Private Lawyers By Government Agencies”, he has met and received inquiries from private lawyers who were not able to receive their just payments for the work they have done for government agencies due to the fact that when they were hired as consultants, the prior permission or acquiescence of the Office of the Solicitor General was not secured by the government agency that hired them. One basis for their payment would be “quantum meruit”. But this issue is clouded by other sub-issues. In order to enlighten these lawyers and help them redress their situation, Dr. Ramiscal is posting the link to this article which has already helped some in their quest:

LEGAL ETHICS: QUESTIONING AND RE-EXAMINING THE LEGAL EFFICACY OF THE RULE ON SECURING PRIOR OSG ACQUIESCENCE IN HIRING PRIVATE LAWYERS BY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

ANGLICAN ROSARY BEADS AND SOME FASHION LAW ARTICLES OF DR. ATTY. NOEL G. RAMISCAL

Anglican Rosary Beads Series: Introduction and the Violet Banded Agate Rosary

Anglican Rosary Beads Series: Introduction and the Violet Banded Agate Rosary, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

The “Imperial Sunshine Aura Quartz Agate” Anglican Rosary Series

The “IMPERIAL SUNSHINE AURA QUARTZ AGATE” Anglican Rosary Series, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

The “Blue Horizon”: Anglican Rosary Series

The “BLUE HORIZON”: Anglican Rosary Series, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

The “Red Pink Agate”: Anglican Rosary Series

The “ROSY PINK AGATE”: Anglican Rosary Series, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

The “Sodalite”: Anglican Rosary Series

The “SODALITE”: Anglican Rosary Series, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

The “Malachite Agate”: Anglican Rosary Series

The “MALACHITE AGATE”: Anglican Rosary Series, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Some of Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal’s Fashion and Law articles are here:

Fashion Law In The Philippines

FASHION LAW IN THE PHILIPPINES (Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal)

Diamond: A Common Rock In Some Of The Most Violent Places

DIAMOND: A COMMON ROCK IN SOME OF THE MOST VIOLENT PLACES (Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal)

Computer Aided Design (CAD) 3d Printed Guns, Livers, Dresses, Anyone?

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD) 3D PRINTED GUNS, LIVERS, DRESSES, ANYONE? (Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal)

My June Bride, your lacy slip of a gown is showing a knock-off!

FASHION LAW: My June Bride, your lacy slip (of a gown) is showing a knock-off! Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Beyond Weddings

BEYOND WEDDINGS, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

THE FIRST TWENTY IN THE SERIES OF “NECKLACES OF EMPOWERMENT” CREATED BY DR. ATTY. NOEL G. RAMISCAL

For those who have been asking for the links to Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal’s “Necklace of Empowerment”, and related articles, here they are:

Introduction and Invitation

An Introduction and Invitation (Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal)

Necklace of Empowerment Number 1: The “Golden Honey Rays” Necklace

Necklaces of Empowerment Series Number 1: The “GOLDEN HONEY RAYS” Necklace, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Hawaii, Loulou De La Falaise and My Fascination With Corals: Introduction To The Coral Series

HAWAII, LOULOU DE LA FALAISE AND MY FASCINATION WITH CORALS: INTRODUCTION TO THE CORAL SERIES (Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal)

Necklace of Empowerment 2: Green Force: Coral Series

Necklace of Empowerment 2: Green Force: Coral Series, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Necklace of Empowerment 3: Golden Memories: (With a 395 to 510 Million Year Old Agatized Coral Pendant) Coral Series

Necklace of Empowerment 3: Golden Memories: (With a 395 to 510 Million Year Old Agatized Coral Pendant) Coral Series, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Necklace of Empowerment 4: Power Totem: Coral Series

Necklace of Empowerment 4: Power Totem: Coral Series, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Necklace of Empowerment 5: Days In the Sun (With a Fossilized Coral Pendant estimated to be 350 Million Years Old): Coral Series

Necklace of Empowerment 5: Days In the Sun (With a Fossilized Coral Pendant estimated to be 350 Million Years Old): Coral Series, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Necklace of Empowerment 6: Coral Magick: Coral Series

Necklace of Empowerment 6: Coral Magick: Coral Series, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Necklace of Empowerment 7: Louloutery: Coral Series

Necklace of Empowerment 7: Louloutery: Coral Series, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal 

Necklace of Empowerment 8: Ruby Coral: Coral Series

Necklace of Empowerment 8: Ruby Coral: Coral Series, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Fashion Law: Emeralds, Frauds, and Lab Created Wonders

FASHION LAW: EMERALDS, FRAUDS, AND LAB CREATED WONDERS, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Necklace of Empowerment 9: Emerald Dreams

Necklace of Empowerment 9: Emerald Dreams, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Necklace of Empowerment 10: The “Gold Rainbow” Necklace

Necklace of Empowerment 10: THE “GOLD RAINBOW” NECKLACE, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Necklace of Empowerment 11: The Violet Flame Necklace

Necklace of Empowerment 11: THE VIOLET FLAME NECKLACE, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Necklace of Empowerment 12: The Goldstone Amulet

Necklace of Empowerment 12: THE GOLDSTONE AMULET NECKLACE, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Necklace of Empowerment 13: The Green Southern Freshness

Necklace of Empowerment 13: THE GREEN SOUTHERN FRESHNESS NECKLACE, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Necklace of Empowerment 14: The Golden Eye

Necklace of Empowerment 14: THE  GOLDEN EYE NECKLACE, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Necklace of Empowerment 15: The Royalty

Necklace of Empowerment 15: THE  ROYALTY NECKLACE, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Necklace of Empowerment 16: The Turquoise Enchantment

Necklace of Empowerment 16: THE TURQUOISE ENCHANTMENT NECKLACE, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Necklace of Empowerment 17: The White and Green Spell

Necklace of Empowerment 17: THE WHITE AND GREEN SPELL NECKLACE, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Necklace of Empowerment 18: The Green Esprit

Necklace of Empowerment 18: THE GREEN ESPRIT NECKLACE, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Necklace of Empowerment 19: The Golden Honey Days

Necklace of Empowerment 19: THE  GOLDEN HONEY DAYS NECKLACE, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

Necklace of Empowerment 20: The Black and Orange Tango

Necklace of Empowerment 20: THE BLACK AND ORANGE TANGO NECKLACE, Copyright by Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal

REPOSTED: LINKS TO ONLINE BOOK OF DR. ATTY. NOEL G. RAMISCAL

For those who are searching for Dr. Atty. Noel G. Ramiscal’s free online book, here are the new links to the chapters:

Part I: INTRODUCTION: A “HUMAN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT”

Actual link to PDF content:

Click to access ebook-drattyngramiscal-academic-freedom-ip-human-rights-digital-creations-part-i-introduction.pdf

Part II: THE WORK FOR HIRE DOCTRINE VERSUS THE EDUCATOR EXCEPTION IN COPYRIGHT

Actual link to PDF content:

Click to access ebook-drattyngramiscal-academic-freedom-ip-human-rights-digital-creations-part-ii-work-for-hire-educator-exception.pdf

Part III: INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGIMES FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

Actual link to PDF content:

Click to access ebook-drattyngramiscal-academic-freedom-ip-human-rights-digital-creations-part-iii-intl-law.pdf

Part IV: THE INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION INSTRUMENTS

Actual link to PDF content:

Click to access ebook-drattyngramiscal-academic-freedom-ip-human-rights-digital-creations-part-iv-educationinstrumts.pdf

Part V: THE HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE IN THE PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

Actual link to PDF content:

Click to access ebook-drattyngramiscal-academic-freedom-ip-human-rights-digital-creations-part-v-humanrts-docs.pdf

Part VI: CHALLENGES TO THE HUMAN RIGHTS APPROACH

Actual link to PDF content:

Click to access ebook-drattyngramiscal-academic-freedom-ip-human-rights-digital-creations-part-vi-challenges-to-hr-approach.pdf

Part VII: THE LEGAL PHILOSOPHICAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

Actual link to PDF content:

Click to access ebook-drattyngramiscal-academic-freedom-ip-human-rights-digital-creations-part-vii-philo-theories.pdf

Part VIII: RELATION OF THE HUMAN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS APPROACH TO OTHER THEORIES

Actual link to PDF content:

Click to access ebook-drattyngramiscal-academic-freedom-ip-human-rights-digital-creations-part-viii-other-theories.pdf

Part IX: DEFINING A HUMAN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT FOR EDUCATORS’ ONLINE CREATIONS

Actual link to PDF content:

Click to access ebook-drattyngramiscal-academic-freedom-ip-human-rights-digital-creations-part-ix-defining-human-ip-right.pdf

Part X: Conclusion: THE TRUE AND NECESSARY DEFAULT POSITION FOR EDUCATORS’ COPYRIGHT OWNERSHIP OF THEIR DIGITAL CREATIONS

Actual link to PDF content:

Click to access ebook-drattyngramiscal-academic-freedom-ip-human-rights-digital-creations-part-x-conclusion.pdf

CHED COMMISSIONER NENALYN DEFENSOR’S REVIEW OF DR. ATTY. NOEL GUIVANI RAMISCAL’S EBOOK: “ACADEMIC FREEDOM, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND HUMAN RIGHTS OF EDUCATORS IN THEIR DIGITAL LEARNING CREATIONS”

Click to access commrdefensorreviewofdrattyramiscalupiglrresearchwork.pdf